Science,5JUL2024,VOL385,ISSUE6704
《科學》2024年7月5日,第385卷,6704期
材料科學MaterialsScience
Developingfatigue-resistantferroelectricsusinginterlayerslidingswitching
利用層間滑動開關開發耐疲勞鐵電體
▲作者:RENJIBIAN,RIHEetal.
▲鏈接:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado1744
▲摘要:
我們報告一種基于雙層3R-MoS2滑動鐵電的無疲勞鐵電系統。這種鐵電器件的記憶性能在低周期時不表現出喚醒效應,在不同脈寬下106個開關周期后也不表現出明顯的疲勞效應。
這種器件在電場作用下的總應力時間可達105s,相對于其他器件而言,這是一個較長的應力時間。我們的理論計算表明,滑動鐵電的無疲勞特性是由于滑動鐵電中的固定電荷缺陷造成的。
▲Abstract:
Wereportafatigue-freeferroelectricsystembasedontheslidingferroelectricityofbilayer3Rmolybdenumdisulfide(3R-MoS2).Thememoryperformanceofthisferroelectricdevicedoesnotshowthewake-upeffectatlowcyclesorasubstantialfatigueeffectafter106switchingcyclesunderdifferentpulsewidths.Thetotalstresstimeofthedeviceunderanelectricfieldisupto105s,whichislongrelativetootherdevices.Ourtheoreticalcalculationsrevealthatthefatigue-freefeatureofslidingferroelectricityisduetotheimmobilechargedefectsinslidingferroelectricity.
Aphotoluminescenthydrogen-bondedbiomassaerogelforsustainableradiativecooling
用于可持續輻射冷卻的光致發光氫鍵生物質氣凝膠
▲作者:JIAN-WENMA,FU-RONGZENGetal.
▲鏈接:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn5694
▲摘要:
我們展示一種本征光致發光生物質氣凝膠,其可見光反射率超過100%,可以產生很強的冷卻效果。我們發現,DNA和明膠聚集成有序的層狀氣凝膠,通過熒光和磷光在可見光區達到104.0%的太陽加權反射率。在高太陽輻照度下,該材料的冷卻效果可使環境溫度降低16.0℃。
此外,這種能通過水焊高效批量生產的氣凝膠具有很高的可修復性、可回收性和可生物降解性,形成環保的循環過程。這種生物質光致發光材料或成為設計下一代可持續冷卻材料的一種途徑。
▲Abstract:
Wepresentanintrinsicphotoluminescentbiomassaerogel,whichhasavisiblelightreflectanceexceeding100%,thatyieldsalargecoolingeffect.WediscoveredthatDNAandgelatinaggregationintoanorderedlayeredaerogelachievesasolar-weightedreflectanceof104.0%invisiblelightregionsthroughfluorescenceandphosphorescence.Thecoolingeffectcanreduceambienttemperaturesby16.0°Cunderhighsolarirradiance.Inaddition,theaerogel,efficientlyproducedatscalethroughwater-welding,displayshighreparability,recyclability,andbiodegradability,completinganenvironmentallyconsciouslifecycle.Thisbiomassphotoluminescencematerialisanothertoolfordesigningnext-generationsustainablecoolingmaterials.
Wignermolecularcrystalsfrommultielectronmoiréartificialatoms
多電子莫爾人工原子制備的維格納分子晶體
▲作者:HONGYUANLI,ZIYUXIANGetal.
▲鏈接:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk1348
▲摘要:
在此,我們報告在扭曲雙層二硫化鎢莫爾維爾超晶格中由多電子人工原子形成的維格納分子晶體的實驗觀察。利用掃描隧道顯微鏡,我們證明了當庫侖相互作用占主導地位時,多電子人造原子中會出現維格納分子。
在超晶格中觀察到的維格納分子陣列包括電子的結晶相:維格納分子晶體,通過機械應變、莫爾周期和載流子電荷類型顯示出高度可調。
▲Abstract:
HerewereporttheexperimentalobservationofWignermolecularcrystalsemergingfrommultielectronartificialatomsintwistedbilayertungstendisulfidemoirésuperlattices.Usingscanningtunnelingmicroscopy,wedemonstratethatWignermoleculesappearinmultielectronartificialatomswhenCoulombinteractionsdominate.ThearrayofWignermoleculesobservedinamoirésuperlatticecomprisesacrystallinephaseofelectrons:theWignermolecularcrystal,whichisshowntobehighlytunablethroughmechanicalstrain,moiréperiod,andcarrierchargetype.
生態學Ecology
Treeshaveoverlappingpotentialnichesthatextendbeyondtheirrealizedniches
樹的重疊潛在生態位超過實際生態位
▲作者:DANIELC.LAUGHLINANDBRIANJ.MCGILL
▲鏈接:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm8671
▲摘要:
樹種似乎會傾向于不同的氣候條件,但這種傾向受到物種互相作用和擴散的限制,從而限制了物種的分布范圍。我們量化了188種北美樹種的實際和潛在熱生態位,對生態位的結構進行了大陸規模的測試。
我們發現了強有力且一致的證據,表明極端溫度下的物種占據了不到四分之三的潛在生態位,而在年平均溫度12度左右時,物種的潛在生態位會重疊。這些結果闡明了溫帶樹種的熱耐受廣度,并支持了熱生態位的離心組織。考慮生態位的潛在組成可以促進全球變化生態學的理論和預測。
▲Abstract:
Treespeciesappeartopreferdistinctclimaticconditions,butthetruenatureofthesepreferencesisobscuredbyspeciesinteractionsanddispersal,whichlimitspecies’ranges.Wequantifiedrealizedandpotentialthermalnichesof188NorthAmericantreespeciestoconductacontinental-scaletestofthearchitectureofniches.Wefoundstrongandconsistentevidencethatspeciesoccurringatthermalextremesoccupylessthanthree-quartersoftheirpotentialniches,andspecies’potentialnichesoverlapatameanannualtemperatureof~12°C.Theseresultsclarifythebreadthofthermaltolerancesoftemperatetreespeciesandsupportthecentrifugalorganizationofthermalniches.Accountingforthenonrealizedcomponentsofecologicalnicheswilladvancetheoryandpredictioninglobalchangeecology.
醫學Medicine
AmoleculargluedegraderoftheWIZtranscriptionfactorforfetalhemoglobininduction
誘導胎兒血紅蛋白的WIZ轉錄因子的分子膠降解劑
▲作者:PAMELAY.TING,SNEHABORIKARetal.
▲鏈接:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk6129
▲摘要:
鐮狀細胞病(SCD)是一種危及生命的常見病,可歸因于β—血紅蛋白的遺傳突變。治療性誘導胎兒血紅蛋白(HbF)可以改善疾病并發癥,因此被密切關注。然而,安全有效的HbF小分子誘導劑仍然不明。
我們報道了WIZ轉錄因子的分子膠降解劑dWIZ-1和dWIZ-2,它們可以在紅母細胞中促進HbF的發現。表型篩選顯示WIZ是一種以前未知的HbF抑制因子。WIZ的藥理學降解在人源化小鼠和食蟹猴中具有良好的耐受性,同時可以在兩者中誘導HbF。這些發現使得WIZ降解劑成為一種全球可及的SCD治療策略。
▲Abstract:
Sicklecelldisease(SCD)isaprevalent,life-threateningconditionattributabletoaheritablemutationinβ-hemoglobin.Therapeuticinductionoffetalhemoglobin(HbF)canamelioratediseasecomplicationsandhasbeenintentlypursued.However,safeandeffectivesmall-moleculeinducersofHbFremainelusive.WereportthediscoveryofdWIZ-1anddWIZ-2,moleculargluedegradersoftheWIZtranscriptionfactorthatrobustlyinduceHbFinerythroblasts.Phenotypicscreeningofacereblon(CRBN)–biasedchemicallibraryrevealedWIZasapreviouslyunknownrepressorofHbF.PharmacologicaldegradationofWIZwaswelltoleratedandinducedHbFinhumanizedmiceandcynomolgusmonkeys.ThesefindingsestablishWIZdegradationasagloballyaccessibletherapeuticstrategyforSCD.
Evolutionandhost-specificadaptationofPseudomonasaeruginosa
銅綠假單胞菌的進化和宿主特異性適應
▲作者:AARONWEIMANN,ADAMM.DINANetal.
▲鏈接:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi0908
▲摘要:
人類細菌病原體銅綠假單胞菌會在具有潛在免疫缺陷或囊性纖維(CF)等結構性肺部疾病的人群中引起多重耐藥感染。我們的研究表明,在水平基因獲取的驅動下,少數環境分離株已成為主導的流行克隆株,這些克隆株在過去200年中依次出現并通過全球傳播網絡傳播。
這些克隆株在感染CF或非CF個體方面表現出不同的內在傾向(與巨噬細胞內能夠存活的特定轉錄變化有關);經歷了多輪趨同的、針對宿主的適應;并最終失去了在不同患者群體之間傳播的能力。我們的研究結果解釋了銅綠假單胞菌的致病進化,并強調了全球監測和交叉感染預防對避免未來出現流行克隆株的重要性。
▲Abstract:
ThemajorhumanbacterialpathogenPseudomonasaeruginosacausesmultidrug-resistantinfectionsinpeoplewithunderlyingimmunodeficienciesorstructurallungdiseasessuchascysticfibrosis(CF).Weshowthatafewenvironmentalisolates,drivenbyhorizontalgeneacquisition,havebecomedominantepidemicclonesthathavesequentiallyemergedandspreadthroughglobaltransmissionnetworksoverthepast200years.TheseclonesdemonstratevaryingintrinsicpropensitiesforinfectingCFornon-CFindividuals(linkedtospecifictranscriptionalchangesenablingsurvivalwithinmacrophages);haveundergonemultipleroundsofconvergent,host-specificadaptation;andhaveeventuallylosttheirabilitytotransmitbetweendifferentpatientgroups.OurfindingsthusexplainthepathogenicevolutionofP.aeruginosaandhighlighttheimportanceofglobalsurveillanceandcross-infectionpreventioninavertingtheemergenceoffutureepidemicclones.