端粒酶是一種核糖核蛋白聚合酶，通過增加端粒重復序列ttaggg來維持端粒末端。這種酶由具有逆轉錄酶活性的蛋白質組分和由該基因編碼的rna組分構成端粒重復序列的模板。端粒酶的表達在細胞衰老中起作用，因為它通常在出生后的體細胞中被抑制，導致端粒的進行性縮短。端粒酶在體細胞中的表達下調可能與腫瘤的發生有關。小鼠的研究表明，端粒酶也參與染色體修復，因為端粒重復序列的從頭合成可能發生在雙鏈斷裂處。該基因突變可引起常染色體顯性遺傳性角化不良，并可能與再生障礙性貧血有關。
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita, and may also be associated with some cases of aplastic anemia.
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