《自然》（20240111出版）一周論文導讀

原文地址：http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2024/1/515990.shtm

Nature, 11 January 2024, Volume 625 Issue 7994

《自然》2024年1月11日，第625卷，7994期

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天文學Astronomy

A 12.4-day periodicity in a close binary system after a supernova

在超新星之后周期為12.4天的密近雙星系統

▲ 作者：Ping Chen, Avishay Gal-Yam, Jesper Sollerman et al.

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▲ 摘要：

在此，我們報告了一顆在衰減光曲線中顯示出12.4天的周期波動的超新星SN 2022jli。具有一致周期速度位移的窄Hα發射譜線在晚時間光譜中被檢測到，這可能是由于伴星剝離的氫氣被吸積到致密的殘骸上。一個新的費米LAT γ射線源在時間和位置上與SN 2022jli一致。

我們觀測到的SN 2022jli的特性，包括光學光曲線的周期性波動、相干Hα發射位移以及與γ射線源相關的證據，指向因雙星系統中一顆大質量恒星的爆炸留下的遺跡。伴星對致密天體的質量吸積為超新星的光曲線提供了動力，并產生了γ射線發射。

▲ Abstract：

Here we report a stripped-envelope supernova, SN 2022jli, which shows 12.4-day periodic undulations during the declining light curve. Narrow Hα emission is detected in late-time spectra with concordant periodic velocity shifts, probably arising from hydrogen gas stripped from a companion and accreted onto the compact remnant. A new Fermi-LAT γ-ray source is temporally and positionally consistent with SN 2022jli. The observed properties of SN 2022jli, including periodic undulations in the optical light curve, coherent Hα emission shifting and evidence for association with a γ-ray source, point to the explosion of a massive star in a binary system leaving behind a bound compact remnant. Mass accretion from the companion star onto the compact object powers the light curve of the supernova and generates the γ-ray emission.

物理學Physics

Encoding a magic state with beyond break-even fidelity

以超過收支平衡的保真度編碼一個魔法態

▲ 作者：Riddhi S. Gupta, Neereja Sundaresan et al.

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在此，我們提出并實現了一種利用糾錯技術在超導量子比特陣列上制備魔法態的方案。我們的方案比那些可以使用設備的單個量子比特制備的魔法態更好。這證明了容錯量子計算的基本原理，即我們可以使用糾錯來提高帶有噪聲量子比特的邏輯門的質量。

此外，我們還表明，使用自適應電路可以增加魔法態的產量，其中電路元件根據中路測量的結果而改變。這展示了許多糾錯子例程所需的基本功能。

▲ Abstract：

Here we propose and implement a scheme to prepare a magic state on a superconducting qubit array using error correction. We find that our scheme produces better magic states than those that can be prepared using the individual qubits of the device. This demonstrates a fundamental principle of fault-tolerant quantum computing, namely, that we can use error correction to improve the quality of logic gates with noisy qubits. Moreover, we show that the yield of magic states can be increased using adaptive circuits, in which the circuit elements are changed depending on the outcome of mid-circuit measurements. This demonstrates an essential capability needed for many error-correction subroutines.

材料科學Materials Science

Three-dimensional integration of two-dimensional field-effect transistors

二維場效應晶體管的三維集成

▲ 作者：Darsith Jayachandran, Rahul Pendurthi et al.

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在這里，我們展示了：（1）基于MoS2的晶圓級單片兩層3D集成，每層有超過10000個場效應晶體管（FET）；（2）基于MoS2和WSe2的三層3D集成，每層約500個FET；（3）基于每層200個縮放MoS2 FET（通道長度，LCH = 45 nm）的兩層3D集成。

我們還實現了一個3D電路，并演示了多功能，包括傳感和存儲。我們的演示將成為更復雜、高密度和功能多樣化的集成電路的基礎，這些集成電路在第三維度上具有更多的單片集成層。

▲ Abstract：

Here we demonstrate (1) wafer-scale and monolithic two-tier 3D integration based on MoS2 with more than 10,000 field-effect transistors (FETs) in each tier; (2) three-tier 3D integration based on both MoS2 and WSe2 with about 500 FETs in each tier; and (3) two-tier 3D integration based on 200 scaled MoS2 FETs (channel length, LCH?=?45?nm) in each tier. We also realize a 3D circuit and demonstrate multifunctional capabilities, including sensing and storage. We believe that our demonstrations will serve as the foundation for more sophisticated, highly dense and functionally divergent integrated circuits with a larger number of tiers integrated monolithically in the third dimension.

化學Chemistry

Catalytic asymmetric cationic shifts of aliphatic hydrocarbons

脂肪烴催化不對稱陽離子轉移

▲ 作者：Vijay N. Wakchaure, William DeSnoo et al.

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不對稱催化是化學合成的一個先進領域，但處理豐富的純脂肪烴依然具有挑戰性。在此，我們描述了咪胺二磷酰亞胺催化的脂肪族烯基環烷烴不對稱瓦格納－梅爾外因轉變為具有優異的區域和對映選擇性的環烯烴。

盡管瓦格納－梅爾外因反應歷史悠久，與化學合成和生物合成密切相關，但如瓦格納和梅爾外因最初描述的那樣，瓦格納－梅爾外因反應利用純脂肪烴曾避免不對稱催化。

▲ Abstract：

Asymmetric catalysis is an advanced area of chemical synthesis, but the handling of abundantly available, purely aliphatic hydrocarbons has proven to be challenging. We describe here an imidodiphosphorimidate-catalysed asymmetric Wagner–Meerwein shift of aliphatic alkenyl cycloalkanes to cycloalkenes with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. Despite their long history and high relevance for chemical synthesis and biosynthesis, Wagner–Meerwein reactions utilizing purely aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as those originally reported by Wagner and Meerwein, had previously eluded asymmetric catalysis.

氣候科學Climate Science

Evidence of human influence on Northern Hemisphere snow loss

人類對北半球雪損失影響的證據

▲ 作者：Alexander R. Gottlieb & Justin S. Mankin

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在此，我們展示了1981—2020年期間，人為引起的變暖導致了北半球3月份積雪量的下降。利用積雪重建的集合，我們確定了北半球169個主要河流流域中的82個強勁降雪趨勢，其中31個我們歸因于人類的影響。

最重要的是，我們展示了積雪的可推廣和高度非線性的溫度敏感性，其中當冬季氣候溫度超過零下8攝氏度時，積雪對溫度上升1攝氏度變得更敏感。這種非線性解釋了迄今為止沒有廣泛的積雪損失，并預示著人口最多的流域的下降幅度和水安全風險會更大。

綜上所述，我們的研究結果強調，人為造成的雪損失及其對水資源的影響是可歸因的——即使在個別情況中沒有明確的檢測——并且將隨著近期變暖而加速和均勻化，在沒有實質性氣候緩解的情況下會對水資源造成風險。

▲ Abstract：

Here we show that human-caused warming has caused declines in Northern Hemisphere-scale March snowpack over the 1981–2020 period. Using an ensemble of snowpack reconstructions, we identify robust snow trends in 82 out of 169 major Northern Hemisphere river basins, 31 of which we can confidently attribute to human influence. Most crucially, we show a generalizable and highly nonlinear temperature sensitivity of snowpack, in which snow becomes marginally more sensitive to one degree Celsius of warming as climatological winter temperatures exceed minus eight degrees Celsius. Such nonlinearity explains the lack of widespread snow loss so far and augurs much sharper declines and water security risks in the most populous basins. Together, our results emphasize that human-forced snow losses and their water consequences are attributable—even absent their clear detection in individual snow products—and will accelerate and homogenize with near-term warming, posing risks to water resources in the absence of substantial climate mitigation.

生物學Bbiology

Emergence of replication timing during early mammalian development

哺乳動物早期發育過程中復制時間的出現

▲ 作者：Tsunetoshi Nakatani, Tamas Schauer et al.

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在此，我們使用單細胞Repli—seq生成了小鼠胚胎從受精卵到囊胚階段的全基因組RT圖譜。我們的數據顯示，RT最初不明確，但從4細胞期開始逐漸明確，與A和B區室的強化相一致。

我們發現轉錄有助于提高RT程序的準確性，并且A和B區室之間RT的差異取決于合子基因組激活時的RNA聚合酶II。我們的數據表明，核組織的建立先于定義的RT特征的獲得，并啟動基因組劃分為早期和晚期復制結構域。

我們的研究揭示了哺乳動物發育初期表觀基因組的建立，揭示了基因組組織的組織原則。

▲ Abstract：